Description: This publication examines the direct medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes using patient data from a Michigan health system. It highlights how insulin treatment and diabetes-related complications, such as cardiovascular disease and kidney disease, significantly increase healthcare costs.

Citation: Brandle, M., Zhou, H., Smith, B. R., Marriott, D., Burke, R., Tabaei, B. P., Brown, M. B., & Herman, W. H. (2003). The direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 26(8), 2300–2304. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.8.2300